What Is Matter Definition in Chemistry

There are many possible definitions of matter. In science, matter is the term for any type of material. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. At a minimum, matter requires at least one subatomic particle, although most matter consists of atoms. The word matter is sometimes used to refer to a pure substance. Examples of Matter Matter can include any of the following (and more, of course): ProtonAtoms (e.g., a helium atom)Molecules (e.g., water, sugar)Compounds (e.g., table salt, silicon dioxide)CatTreeHouseComputer Examples That Are Not Matter Not everything we can perceive consists of matter. Examples of things that arent matter include: Photons (light)HeatThoughtsMicrowaves (the radiation, not the appliance)

Compare and Contrast Two Leaders - 1255 Words

INTRODUCTION This essay will compare and contrast the characteristics of two of America’s female leaders. In analysing the effectiveness of their leadership, this essay will evaluate the traits, personality, history, experience, and values of each leader. The ability to bring people together around shared beliefs and a common organisational purpose to create a sense of belonging is a prerequisite for an effective leader and will formulate the basis of defining an effective leader for the purpose of this paper. Sarah Louise Heath Palin was named by Time Magazine as one of the world’s top leaders for 2010. As an American politician who was Governor of the state of Alaska from 2006 to July 2009 and the Republican vice presidential†¦show more content†¦Oprah Winfrey was not born into leadership but to the contrary, she brought herself to where she is today due to her determination, good will and her strength. Having lived through a very hard childhood which pushed her to her limits, but that didn’t stop her, she used that as a reason to make success and break the mould. Leadership is a process as demonstrated by the accomplishments of Oprah as she has used her television series; her network; her magazine and her brand to evaluate her life and experiences and espouse positive ideals to followers. The development of her brand has been possible to the evolution of her belief system and business acumen. As a leader, entrepreneur and manger Oprah has demonstrated that leadership is not innate nor is it static but rather a dynamic process of evolution. One cannot deny that in evaluating her leadership style and success one notes that she has inspired a wide cross section of persons and as such is able to action and manage much change for individuals, groups and her own company and brand. Oprah has been able to effectively lead her company and groups of followers thanks to her adaptive leadership skills; where she is constantly evaluating the potential of new options but bearing in mind the implications on her brand but also others. Oprah’s strength as a leader has resulted from her continuous intent to build networks around her and with herShow MoreRelatedDevry Hist410 Midterm Exam729 Words   |  3 Pagesand analyze the first two Russian Revolutions of 1917. Use historical examples to support your answer. In what ways did these revolutions radically change Russian society? Question 3. Question : (TCO 5, 11) Compare and contrast German Nazism and Stalin’s Soviet Communism (Stalinism). What were the similarities and differences between these two political ideologies? Use historical examples to support your answer. Question 4. Question : (TCO 5, 11) Compare and contrast the empires of GermanyRead MoreLeaders and Managers: Role Comparison Essay891 Words   |  4 Pagesleadership is a hot topic. A strong leader motivates us and moves us from complacency to competitiveness. The accomplishments of an organization can directly be related to the combined efforts of everyone involved. This paper will examine the leadership of the organization I work for. We will discuss the role of its leaders and managers. We will compare and contrast the roles of its leaders and managers, while supporting this organizational belief that all managers are leaders. I work for a not for profitRead MoreCompare and Contrast Any Two Theories of Leadership Essay1515 Words   |  7 PagesCompare and contrast any two theories of leadership In the following essay I will look at leadership, its definition and compare and contrast two theories behind it. 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Literature Review Cross Docking

Question: Discuss about theLiterature Reviewfor Cross Docking. Answer: According to Peter, Hahn, Zhang Cross-docking has to be considered as mechanisms and tool which is being practiced in logistics from a purpose of minimizing or bringing reduction in the transportation and other related expenses in the system of supply chain. And this is done by unloading the carriages which has been received by the semi-trailers and loading of the same goods and carriages is to be done directly into outbound trailers with little or no storage in between. For packaging and uploading of incoming full trailers the Strip doors are to be considered as the docks or the ports (Guignard, Hahn and Zhang, 2013). There is a separate place where the outgoing empty containers are sent for the collection of the carriages which will be then sent to some specific destinations, these places are known as stack doors at the docks. Both the stack doors and strip doors are found side by side i.e. one on one side and second one on another side on the cross docks. But mostly the income car riages and the goods are unloaded on stack door side of the cross-dock and outgoing trailers loaded on the strip door side. Moreover as per the OR and transportation literature, the management of the operations of the cross dock has been considered static or dynamic (Vis, 2004). While carrying out the process of static optimization, the contents of the incoming trailer comprising the destination volumes for the next period are known and also optimization is done of the door assignments and the carriages for bringing reduction in the distance of travel of goods through the cross dock. Door assignment which has to be considered as an excellent guide fails to take into account or ignores to considers the realities of the dynamic situation which has expected to be encountered during the processing period. According to the research carried out on cross-dock and which has been done for addressing the changes occurring outside and inside the cross-dock over the planning period, usually no more than a day, incoming and outgoing of the carriages and goods are scheduled for the optimization of efficiency (Lee and Whang, 2001). There is difference in the criteria such as for costs of labor, costs of delays, total busy time, etc. and also the assumptions differ such as all the incoming cargos and the shipments are expected to be kept waiting in the yard side at the beginning of the planning period, or the arrival time of the carriages is expected as per the given times with a certain amount of uncertainty while the outgoing shipments are provided with a given schedule, or can be called to the gates when needed, etc. Moreover according to Panousopoulou1, Papadopoulou2, Manthou (2017) from the last few years it has been observed that the business organizations has started trying for finding better and improved mechanisms and methods for bringing an enhancement in the profitability of supply chain management and this will also bring a reduction in the expenses which are related to logistics (Rushton, Croucher and Baker, 2014). Mainly three methods were found which will be proven beneficial for the business corporations in this concept. Distribution network optimization, shipment consolidation and cross docking, and in this concept the main focus has been provided to cross docking. The core idea or thought behind the concept of cross docking is directly making shipment ready after they have come from the production line for delivery without the carriages or the goods being kept stored in the warehouse. In fact, the prime concern or the motive of this mechanism is to make possible for the business co rporations, the integration of the shipments or the cargos of different sizes to a unique shipment with full truck loads, which will be proven beneficial in bringing reduction in the transportation costs (Heizer and Barry, 2013). Also it has been mentioned by the author that an improvement brought in the quality of an organization has a positive impact on the growth and development of the supply chain effectiveness. Also a discussion was done on the following five methods which are stock management, the connections and bonds between the organization and its suppliers, the increase of response time to the customers, the development of sustainability and competitive advantage, the emergence of innovations and modern mechanisms and also enhancement in the communication mechanisms (Weele, 2009). But here the development of the methods and tools by which a reduction in the cost of supply chain management has not been mentioned. However cross-docking has not been mentioned by a number of researchers when they did analysis over the characters or the components which had contribution to the effectiveness and excellence of the supply chain management process. The interest of the research conduction has been raised due to the the lack of many researches with regard to cross docking and as well as its importance in logistics. Further it has been also observed that the main aim of the cross-docking process is to minimize transportation costs and increase supply chain effectiveness and providing such kinds of benefits this methods has been developed. Cross-docking also enhances gaunt manufacturing, by making minimization of time wastage, tools and equipments, manpower and by this optimization of the distribution process is possible (Nabuurs, Wagener and Vlieg, 2007). The factors that have to considered, so that cross-docking is properly implemented, are the effective products and information flow, the use of information technology, the distance between suppliers and their customers, the location of the cross-docking terminal, the coordination between inbound and outbound flows and the demanded quantity of goods. The following are the benefits which are attained by the business organizations due to the cross-docking mechanism, decrease in the supply chain management expenses and decrease in the cycle time of order, improvements in the service provided to the consumers and the clients, reduction in inventory and storage space. But this has not been proved that cross-docking is suitable for all types of organizations. Apart of a number of advantages there are number of obstacles which have been faced by this advanced and expensive information technology and mechanism (Myerson, 2012). By simulation mechanisms and tailor made softwares the effectiveness of cross-docking can be evaluated and this has to be done for meeting the needs and the requirements of each company. The research has also investigated the operational aspects of a cross-docking system a nd this has been done by analyzing the case of a 3PL provider, operating in Thessaloniki. The aim of this research is also to discuss the effectiveness of cross docking implemented by a leading company in outsourcing (Trego and Murray, 2010). Reeves (2007) has stated that a cross dock is simply an intermediate staging area for freight. In fact, cross-docking has considered as the solution to the problem which has been faced by many of the business corporations with regard to their shipment of finished goods and this problem also comprises of concept of lean manufacturing. As per the author, one of the fundamental tenets of lean manufacturing is the use of small batch sizes and just-in-time deliveries of materials directly to the point of use on the assembly line. The concept of lean manufacturing has been based on the continuous improvement and the reduction of waste in all aspects of production process: time, raw materials, equipment (Graham, 2011). According to the author lean manufacturing has been also focused on the maximization and development and growth of the process speed, by decreasing all the potential wastes. However, one of the biggest issues faced by business corporations come up is that when 2nd INTERNATION AL CONFERENCE ON SUPPLY CHAINS and which showed the distance between dealers and clients has been increasing and hence the business entities also find many difficulties in succeeding in the effective and minimized direct shipment. The mechanisms of cross-docking have been addressing these issues. Author also points out that there are mainly three methods of cross-docking in supply chain management system (Villarreal and et al, 2012). The first method is manufacturing cross-docking, the second method is the distribution center cross-docking, the third method is the terminal cross-docking. From the above carried out analysis it can be concluded that having the information about where and how to eliminate the wastage is a crucial concept and also significant for the operations of supply chain management process (Farahani, Rezapour and Kardar, 2011). And this all has been bases on the principles of lean manufacturing. References Guignard, M., Hahn, P.M. and Zhang, H., 2013. Practical cross-docking optimization.TRISTAN VIII. San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, pp.4-7. Vis, I.F., 2004. in cross-docking operations.Research Memorandum,1, p.9. Lee, H.L. and Whang, S., 2001, November. E-business and supply chain integration. InStandford Global Supply Chain Management Forum(Vol. 2). Rushton, A., Croucher, P. and Baker, P., 2014.The handbook of logistics and distribution management: Understanding the supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers. Heizer, R. and Barry, R., 2013.Operation Management, Sustainability and Supply Chain management(Vol. 11). Pearson, UK. Van Weele, A.J., 2009.Purchasing supply chain management: analysis, strategy, planning and practice. Cengage Learning EMEA. Nabuurs, S.B., Wagener, M. and De Vlieg, J., 2007. A flexible approach to induced fit docking.Journal of medicinal chemistry,50(26), pp.6507-6518. Myerson, P., 2012.Lean supply chain and logistics management. Colombus: McGraw-Hill. Trego, T. and Murray, D., 2010, January. An analysis of the operational costs of trucking. InTransportation Research Board 2010 Annual Meetings CD-ROM. Washington, DC(Vol. 18, p. 20). Graham, L., 2011. Transport collaboration in Europe.White Paper, ProLogis Research. Villarreal, B., Saudo, M., Vega, A., Macias, S. and Garza, E., 2012. A lean scheme for improving vehicle routing operations. InProceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Industrial and Operations Management (IEOM)(pp. 3-6). Farahani, R., Rezapour, S. and Kardar, L. eds., 2011.Logistics operations and management: concepts and models. Elsevier.

Whig History of Science

Table of Contents Theory-Loading of Observation Popper’s Theory of Falsification Merton’s Norms of Science Kuhn’s Paradigms Reference List Whig history describes our past as a kind of progression towards independence and enlightenment. The major idea of this history is the raising of scientific progress, human freedom, and constitutional government. Kearney underlines that Whig interpretation of any history â€Å"implies a view of the past which divides men essentially into two simple categories, progressive or reactionaries, forward-looking or backward-looking.† (1971, 17) Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Whig History of Science specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to such idea, Whig history of science divides all scientists into good and bad ones. Good scientists stick to the side of truth, and bad, ignorant, scientists prefer to disprove the truth. Whig history of science presents all past cultures like blind groups, which try to arrive at the views people have already enlightened. Only great men or women can present great discoveries, which will be truthful and corresponding to the already existed theories. Whig history of science creates a kind of barrier to clear understanding of everything. Theory-Loading of Observation Observation plays a very important role in the development of science. Alan Chalmers (1982, 23) points out that observation should be respected due to two reasons: (1) â€Å"science starts with observation† and (2) â€Å"observation yields a secure basis from which knowledge can be derived.† The theory-loading of observation is rather important for humans’ understanding of how science works and can be developed. Humans observe many things and make certain conclusions about them. This is why it is possible to say that nature give all facts, which are so important for science, to humans. People have nothing t o do but continue observing things and compare them with their own predictions. The theory-loading of observation and facts, gathered by people from nature, infect all the tests and influence considerably future results. In order to make true, clear conclusions about something, it is crucially important for an observer to stay unbiased and unprejudiced. Popper’s Theory of Falsification Karl Popper was a famous Australian and British philosopher. One of his main purposes was the explanation of why many people could not come to one and the same conclusion after the experiment had been already conducted. Proper underlines that things do go wrong during the experiments, this is why the results cannot be positive. Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Popper, experiments cannot prove something but just fail to disprove. â€Å"Popper’s theory of falsification relies upon closely similar ideas about the role of ‘agreement’ among the scientists.† (Niiniluoto, 49) Popper works between two conceptions, which are the centre of his theory. They are verification and falsifiability. With the help of Popper’s theory of falsification, it is easy to analyze and criticize already existed works and experiments and demonstrate their falsifiability. In such case, the hypothesis, created according to Popper’s theory of falsification, cannot be disproved, and this is what is necessary for science. Merton’s Norms of Science One of the sociologists, who influenced considerably the development of science, was Robert King Merton. He conducted numerous researches into the sociology of science and developed one of the most famous norms of science, also known as CUDOS. The Merton’s norms of science â€Å"compose an interacting and mutually reinforcing system of behaviour designed to make the common intellectual propert y of science proof against the distorting possibilities.† (Trachtman Perrucci, 13) The norm of communism underlines common ownership of all discoveries, ideas, and goods comprised by science. The norm of universalism lies in the fact that truth-claims of science should be evaluated without taking into consideration race, gender, religion, class, etc. Disinterestedness norm is all about the absence of scientists’ preferences during conducting researches. The last norm of organized scepticism points out that all scientific ideas have to be checked and analyzed properly before they will be presented to the public. Kuhn’s Paradigms Thomas Kuhn was one of the most known American historians of science and philosophers. Kuhn said that science was not able to progress any more because of unbelievable increase of new knowledge. His notion of paradigms replaced numerous theories in the social sciences. â€Å"A paradigm is an all embracing theoretical framework that defi nes scientific work in a given moment or period within one particular field of science.† (Schuster, 128) Kuhn had an unbelievable desire to avoid certain subjectivity in science; however, his paradigms were not properly evaluated, they could not be connected to the modern world, and, finally, Kuhn’s paradigms could not help to solve any problem existed in science. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Whig History of Science specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is why these paradigms are rather infamous in philosophy of science. Without any doubts, Kuhn developed the idea of paradigm better than any one before; he described the components of any paradigm and even underlined its importance in science. Reference List Chalmers, A. F 1982, ‘The Theory-Dependence of Observation’, What is This Thing Called? An Assessment of Nature and Status of Science and Its Methods, University of Queensland P ress, St. Lucia, pp. 22-37. Kearney, H 1971, ‘The Whig Interpretation of History’, Science and Change 1500-1700, Weindenfeld and Nicholson, London, pp. 17-22. Niiniluoto, I 1984, Is Science Progressive? Springer. Schuster, J. A 1995, ‘Kuhn and the Nature of Science and Scientific Revolution’, Introduction to the History and Social Studies of Science, Department of Science, University of Wollongong, pp. 123-148. Trachtman, L. E, Perrucci, R 2000, Science under Siege: Interest Groups and the Science Wars, Rowman Littlefield. This essay on Whig History of Science was written and submitted by user Lauryn T. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.